System Design
Intermediate

Observability and SLOs

Measure user-visible reliability and debug production systems under pressure.

30 min
3 sections
observability
slo
monitoring
1
2
3

01. Define service-level indicators

Section 1 of 3

Useful SLIs reflect user outcomes: successful checkout rate, feed load latency, search freshness, notification delivery delay, and payment reconciliation lag. CPU and memory are supporting signals, not product reliability by themselves.

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Checkout SLIs:
- Availability: successful checkout requests / valid checkout requests.
- Latency: p95 checkout completion time below 3 seconds.
- Correctness: duplicate charge rate below 1 per 10M payments.
- Freshness: inventory reservation state replicated within 5 seconds.
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